Dehydration among the Elderly: A Comparison between Nine Different Clinical and Metabolic Criteria

Background: Dehydration, as a common problem in older adults, plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality. The elderly are more susceptible to dehydration and fluid deficiency due to age-related factors. There is not much literature concerning fluid intake in older adults. This study aims to investigate fluid intake and dehydration prevalence in older people and compare the accuracy of potential markers in the detection of dehydration. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on ۱۲۷ old people (۴۸ males and ۷۹ females) selected from a nursing home in Shiraz, Iran. Socioeconomic status was assessed via interview. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (UC) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and total body water (TBW) were measured. The fluid intakes were recorded using a beverage and fluid intake questionnaire. Total fluid intakes were compared using two fluid intake guidelines (European guidelines and US guidelines) as well. Furthermore, anthropometric indices were measured. Results: The mean age of participants was ۷۳.۰۱± ۵.۷۰ year. Fluid intake was ۲.۳۲ ± ۰.۴۸ liter/day.  Based on urine specific gravity (USG) (˃۱.۰۲۰) and SBP (SBP ˂ ۱۰۰ mmHg), ۹.۴% and ۱۴.۲% of the participants were dehydrated respectively. Among all hydration criteria, ECW had the highest potential for detection which identified ۷۲.۴% of participants as dehydrated. Among fluid intake guidelines, US guidelines were the best in dehydration diagnosis (۱۱۲ individuals out of ۱۲۷). Conclusions: Although urinary markers and physical indexes (SBP and HR) could not be used to determine hydration status, BIA measurements, especially ECW, have the potential to detect dehydration. In addition, daily fluid intakes are still practical for assessment of hydration status.

کلیدواژه ها:

Elderly ، Dehydration ، Fluid intake ، Cross-sectional