Low-level quantification of drugs in human plasma using ultrasound-and magnetic-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) based upon carbon quantum dots (CQDs) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

A hopeful and reusable nano-hybrid material based on carbon quantum dot (CQD) was fabricated and applied as a sorbent in ultrasound-and magnetic-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (US-M-A-DMSPE) and followed with high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolent detection (HPLC-UV) for simultaneous trace determination of drugs in human plasma. The structure, morphology and magnetic features of the synthesized sorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The main factors in the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, nano-sized sorbent shown the highest adsorption power and the most selectivity toward the targets analytes. The limits of detection, Coefficients of determination (r۲), desirable dynamic range were calculated.To reveal the applicability of the current technique, it was used for quantifying low-level of drugs in biological samples to estimate the main pharmacokinetic aspects, including the half-life (T½,), the time to reach the maximum concentration (Tmax), the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), Area under curve (AUC۰-۲۴) and Area under curve at infinite time (AUC۰-∞). Reliable reproducibility as intra- assay and inter-assay along with reasonable accuracy were obtained.