Factors Associated with Vaccine Breakthrough Incidence among Health Care Workers Vaccinated with Inactivated SARS-CoV-۲ Vaccine (CoronaVac)

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) run a high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ۲ (SARS-CoV-۲). The HCWs are prone to the SARS-CoV-۲ infection in the hospital despite being fully vaccinated. The present study aimed to address the factors associated with the coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) vaccine breakthrough among HCWs. Study Design: A prospective cohort study. Methods: Participants were ۱۸۴ HCWs receiving two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-۲ vaccine (CoronaVac, Sinovac Life Science). All participants were followed for six months. Confirmed COVID-۱۹ was defined as positive SARS-CoV-۲ by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Before undergoing RTPCR, questionnaires were used to obtain information on demographic characteristics, profession, contact with COVID-۱۹ cases, personal protective equipment (PPE), health protocols adherence, exercise, and nutritional habits. Results: A number of ۵۷ (۳۱%) participants were COVID-۱۹ positive. Close contact with COVID-۱۹ cases (adjusted RR ۶.۸۲, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۹۷, ۴۷.۹۸, P = ۰.۰۴۴), being a resident doctor (adjusted RR ۴.۷۲, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۱۱, ۲۰.۱۱, P = ۰.۰۳۶), improper mask-wearing (adjusted RR ۲.۳۶, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۱۵, ۴.۸۵, P = ۰.۰۱۹), and lower frequency of eating fruit and vegetables (adjusted RR ۲.۷۳, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۳۴, ۵.۵۷, P = ۰.۰۰۶) increased the risk of vaccine breakthrough. Compared to single surgical masks, KN۹۵ and N۹۵ significantly reduced the risk of COVID-۱۹ (adjusted RR ۰.۲۷, ۹۵% CI: ۰.۰۷, ۰.۹۷, P = ۰.۰۴۵ and adjusted RR ۰.۲۵, ۹۵% CI: ۰.۰۷, ۰.۸۷, P = ۰.۰۲۹), respectively. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, being a resident doctor, close contact with confirmed COVID-۱۹ cases, health protocol incompliance, as well as the lower frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption were associated with the risk of vaccine breakthrough among HCWs. Appropriate strategies are needed to prevent the risk of SARS-CoV-۲ infection among HCWs.

کلیدواژه ها:

COVID-۱۹ ، Healthcare workers ، Hospital ، Vaccination ، Vaccine breakthrough