Changes in Aβ۴۲, Neprilysin, and γ-Secretase in the Hippocampus of Male Rats Alzheimer’s model: The Effects of Aerobic Training and Omega-۳ Intake

Background: Alzheimer›s disease (AD) is characterized by excessive deposition of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the central nervous system and reducing its level is the goal of many medications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training and omega-۳ intake on Aβ۴۲, neprilysin, and γ-secretase levels in the hippocampus of male rats Alzheimer›s model. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats (age: ۱۲ weeks-old and weight: ۲۲۲.۳۱±۱۱.۹۱ g), were divided into the five groups including control Alzheimer’s (AC), Alzheimer’s with omega-۳ intake (AO), Alzheimer’s training (AT), Alzheimer’s with omega-۳ intake and training (AOT) and Healthy Control (HC). AD was induced by the injection of homocysteine (۶۰mM) into the rat brain ventricle. Training on the treadmill with a speed of ۲۰ m/min (۶۰ minutes and ۵ days/week) was applied. The supplement group received omega-۳ supplement ۸۰۰ mg/kg of body weight, daily for eight weeks. Levels of Aβ۴۲, γ-secretase, and neprilysin protein were measured using ELISA method. In data analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test as post hoc were used (P < ۰.۰۵). Results: The obtained results showed that the level of Aβ۴۲ in the hippocampus of AC group was significantly higher than that of the HC group (P = ۰.۰۰۱). Also, the level of Aβ۴۲ in the hippocampus of AC group was significantly higher as compared to AO, AT, and AOT groups (P values ۰.۰۰۱, ۰.۰۰۷, and ۰.۰۰۳ respectively). The γ-Secretase level in the hippocampus of AC group was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P = ۰.۰۰۱). Moreover, the γ-secretase levels in the hippocampus of the AC group were significantly higher compared to AO, AT, and AOT groups (P values: ۰.۰۰۲, ۰.۰۰۱, and ۰.۰۰۱ respectively). There was no significant difference in neprilysin levels of the hippocampus among the research groups (P = ۰.۵۳۴).Conclusion: It appears that exercise training and omega-۳ consumption, can affect amyloidogenic pathways through reducing the level of γ-secretase, and lead to reduced level of hippocampus Aβ in AD subjects. Therefore, aerobic exercise training and omega-۳ intake can be studied as a complementary therapy in Alzheimer’s patients.

کلیدواژه ها:

aerobic training ، Omega-۳ intake ، Amyloid-β۴۲ ، Neprilysin ، γ-Secretase ، Alzheimer’s disease