Association between smoking and death in patients with COVID-۱۹ in Iran:A Meta-analysis study

Background: Smoking with reducing the immune function of the pulmonary can be considered arisk factor for contracting other infections with more serious outcomes. The present studyinvestigated a meta-analysis of the association between smoking and the progression of COVID-۱۹ infection in Iran.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science were searched on August ۲۳, ۲۰۲۲, with searchterms (‘‘COVID-۱۹’’ OR ‘‘SARSCoV-۲’’ OR ‘‘coronavirus’’) AND (‘‘smoking’’ OR‘‘smoker*’’) AND (“Iran”). We included the studies with molecular-confirmed cases of COVID-۱۹ and the outcome of death in this review. A Mantel-Hensel meta-analysis method with randomeffects was used to investigate the relationship in the data.Results: We identified ۸ papers with a total of ۹۱۹۹ COVID-۱۹ patients whom ۱۸۶۱ (۲۰.۲%) hadthe outcome of death, and ۱۱۰۵ (۱۲%) with a history of smoking. A total of ۲۷۴ patients with ahistory of smoking (۲۴.۷%) dead. The meta-analysis showed a significant association betweensmoking and death related to COVID-۱۹ (Odds Ratio (OR) ۱.۲۲, ۹۵% confidence interval ۱.۰۳-۱.۴۴, p = ۰.۰۰۱). Therefore, the probability of death in COVID-۱۹ patients with a history ofsmoking is about ۲۲% higher than other people.Conclusions: Smoking is a risk factor for progression of COVID-۱۹, with smokers having higherodds of COVID-۱۹ progression than never smokers.

کلیدواژه ها:

Smoking ، COVID-۱۹ ، Iran.