Role of Purinergic Receptors in The Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a rare population of non-hematopoieticstem cells with multilineage potential, initially isolated from bone marrow. Purinergic receptorsare some of the earliest receptor types in evolution. They are present in almost every tissue inmammals. Extracellular nucleotides are involved in the broad range of biological acts that aremediated by these receptors. However, little is known about their particular role in embryonicor adult stem cells. This study aimed to review the role of purinergic receptors in thedifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.Search Method: We performed a systematic search using combinations of MeSH words;purinergic receptors, cell differentiation, mesenchymal stem cells from PubMed, Scopus, andGoogle Scholar from ۲۰۱۲ to ۲۰۲۲. Articles that have been searched included randomizedcontrolled trial (RCT), observational, and review/systematic review.Results: Multiple P۲ receptors contribute to the differentiation of adult stem cells. Comparingstem cells derived from mesenchymal tissue with those derived from ectomesenchymal tissue,P۲ receptor expression varies. In regards to MSC commitment, sub-types P۲X۶, P۲Y۴, andP۲Y۱۴ appear to play a significant role. In addition, extracellular nucleotides (eNTP)metabolism and their signal transduction played important roles in the specification ofdifferentiation lineages and modulating MSC physiology and communication with other cells.Conclusion: Over the past decade stem cells have received substantial attention due to theirself-renewal capacity and differentiation into specialized cells of many types. Molecularsignaling molecules that are involved in the determination of stem cell fate, such as growthfactors, Hox gene proteins, and chemokines, have been well studied and are now being used inclinical trials. Nevertheless, Further details are required to define new targets for drugdevelopment and develop new approaches to do medical research with these cells at the cellularand molecular levels.

کلیدواژه ها:

purinergic receptors ، cell differentiation ، mesenchymal stem cells