A review of antifungal drugs and drug resistance mechanisms in Candidaspecies

In recent decades, the increase in infections caused by drug-resistant yeast and mold fungi, especially theopportunistic species of Candida yeast, is one of the treatment problems in the world. Because in additionto the inherent resistance in some species, excessive use of antifungal drugs in medical centers can causethe occurrence of acquired resistance caused by gene mutations and increase the tolerable level of thedrug. Therefore, researchers believe that the cases can be the most common causes of failure in thetreatment of fungal infections and frequent recurrence of the disease or increased mortality. Researchshows that despite the limited number of antifungal compounds, drug resistance mechanisms are verydiverse and even differ from one species to another. The issue can make it harder to adjust treatmentprotocols and increase the emergence of drug-resistant strains. For example, Candida is one of theemerging species that, due to having multi-drug resistance genes, is likely to be a terrible threat to thehealth of society soon. However, advances in precise molecular techniques, such as whole genometracking or sequencing, allow researchers to study the processes and locations of gene mutations. Hence,it has now caused significant progress in detecting and analyzing complex mutations or generearrangements involved in the emergence of acquired resistance in clinical phenotypes. studies based ongenetic sciences can significantly contribute to the manufacture of new drugs, more modern diagnosticequipment, and solving the emergence of multidrug resistance profiles.New research shows that identifying the reasons for the resistance or adaptation of pathogenic fungi tomedicinal compounds requires an understanding of molecular and evolutionary mechanisms. Becauseboth two mechanisms can jointly be responsible for drug resistance. In this study, considering theimportance of obtaining new treatment protocols and preventing inappropriate or excessive use ofantifungals, we investigated the gene mutations and potential pathways to acquire intrinsic and acquiredresistance in Candida species.

کلیدواژه ها:

Candida species ، Drug resistance mechanism ، Gene mutation ، Treatment protocol