Study of Escherichia coli resistance to antibiotics in Iran

There are a large number of bacteria as natural flora in the digestive system, some of which have animportant role in the health of the human body. However, when a person's immune system is weakened orsome bacteria enter another part of the body from their natural location, they can cause disease as anopportunistic pathogen. Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacteria in this group, and if someof its strains enter the urinary tract, they will cause infection. Also, some pathogenic strains of thementioned bacteria can cause diarrhea and severe intestinal infections. Considering the increasingresistance of Escherichia coli to antibiotics, sufficient awareness and knowledge in this field can play akey role in creating an effective strategy to solve the treatment problems of infections caused by thisbacterium. Therefore, the aim of this review is to form a clear and practical view of the general trend ofresistance of Escherichia coli isolates to common antibiotics in Iran. In this study, reliable foreign anddomestic scientific databases were used to obtain the required information in the period from ۲۰۱۱ to۲۰۱۵. All the selected articles were examined according to the keywords matching the title of theresearch, in terms of the investigation method and the results of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli inIran. Then the statistical analysis of the resulting data was done using Excel software.In this review study, the average resistance of Escherichia coli to cotrimoxazole ۶۰.۳۹%, nalidixic acid۵۸.۷%, ceftazidime ۴۸.۸۲%, ciprofloxacin ۴۸.۱۲%, gentamicin ۲۹.۸%, and nitrofurantoin ۱۲.۵۱% wasreported, respectively. Also, according to the studies, the highest amount of resistance to ceftazidime(۷۰.۶۸%) was related to Gilan province and the lowest amount of resistance to it (۲۸.۸%) was reportedfrom Kermanshah. In addition, the highest and lowest Escherichia coli resistance to ciprofloxacin wasobserved in Hamedan (۱۰۰%) and Yazd (۱۸.۳%), respectively.Since most bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, the presence of drug resistance will causetreatment failure. In the past, the treatment of Escherichia coli infections with ciprofloxacin, gentamicin,and cotrimoxazole gave good results. But in new studies, due to high drug resistance, these antibioticshave been placed in the second and third line of treatment. Therefore, in order to choose the rightmedicine, it is better to use antibiotic sensitivity tests before prescribing them. Because in addition to theimportance of accurate and timely identification of the cause of the disease, definitive treatment withappropriate antibiotics can also play an important role in reducing the spread of resistant strains inpatients. Also, it is hoped that by taking advantage of the correct pattern of antibiotic consumption alongwith their rotation program and using appropriate infection control tools, we will see a decrease in theprevalence of drug resistance patterns in different hospital departments.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antibiotic resistance ، Escherichia coli ، Iran