Bacterial Vaccine

Background and Aim : Today, we need bacterial vaccines due to the increase in antibioticresistance genes and bacterial infections. There are several types of bacterial vaccines, such astoxoids, subunit vaccines, killed whole-cell vaccines, OMV, and live attenuated vaccines. The dryform of live or attenuated bacteria can be used to produce live and attenuated bacterial vaccines,which increases the thermal stability of the bacterial vaccines. Bacteria such as Clostridium andBifidobacterium that are severely anaerobic can be used as vaccines to treat solid tumors. Somebacteria, such as E. coli, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Borrelia burgdorferi,Shigella, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria meningitis, and Acinetobacter baumannii can produce outermembrane vesicles (OMV). The outer membrane of germ-negative bacteria is enclosed and isoften associated with cellular components such as toxins, DNA, outer membrane components, etc.That produces OMV and acts as the bacterial vaccine. glycoconjugate vaccine is a vaccine thatcontains a bacterial O-antigen. To produce the glycoconjugate vaccine, the bacteriallipopolysaccharide (LPS) must be isolated and purified, then remove the toxic lipid A and pure Oantigenare produced. The O-antigen was bound to the carrier proteins by chemical or recombinantmethods. To produce a bacterial vector vaccine, the antigen gene is inserted into the bacterialplasmid and chromosome, then the bacteria express the antigen. To produce a vector viral vaccine,the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen gene (for example Rv۰۳۴۱۳۳-۴) was inserted into theHAdV-۳۵ and HAdV-۵ virus genome, and a viral vaccine was produced. This antigen is expressedon the surface of the virus and as a vaccine stimulates the immune system. The recombinantbacterial antigen is produced and conjugated to an antibody. Antibody against the receptor ofdendritic cells (CLR), thus vaccine is better presented to the immune system. Omics science (suchas genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics) can improve vaccine design.Methods : ReviewResults : The rise of antibiotic-resistant genes has threatened public health, and it has become oneof the most important health problems for communities. Bacterial vaccines can prevent infectiousdiseases and reduce antibiotic-resistant infections.Conclusion : Due to the increasing diversity of antibiotic resistance genes, some bacterial vaccinescan't prevent resistance genes. It is difficult to design and produce bacterial vaccines that canstimulate the immune system.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bacterial Vaccines ، live bacteria ، OMVs.