Optical nanobiosensors used for HCoVs detection

Background and Aim : The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) hasoffered us with an extreme public health crisis. To fight the virus, and detect and slow down itsspread, sensitive and cost-effective strategies have currently been developed. Although rRT-PCRbasedtechniques are presently common strategies for the detection of novel human coronaviruses(HCoVs), nanobiosensors as nanoanalytical tools have substantially contributed to this disease.This review examines the latest virus detection technology based on optical nanobiosensors.Methods : The keywords of optical nanobiosensors in the detection of HCoVs, activity of opticalnanobiosensors have been searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases between ۲۰۲۰ and۲۰۲۲.Results : Optical nanobiosensors are photonic devices designed based on colorimetry, lightscattering, fluorescence, etc. Optical biosensors measure modifications in the optical properties ofthe emitted light (i.e., absorption, polarization, intensity, wavelength, scattering, or refractiveindex) and might operate in a label-free configuration. (Do not need for fluorescent, colorimetric,enzymatic labels) Because they rely on tracking modifications on the surface of a biosensor chip,they may be adapted to any type of purpose. (e.g., detection of viruses, bacteria, nucleic acidsequences, or antibodies). Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor systems consistof optical biosensors that are suitable for different classes of analytes. Molecular binding andrefractive index alternate LSPR sensor systems show excessive sensitivity to local changesbecause of the enriched plasmonic field at the site of a nanostructure. Therefore, LSPR is an idealcandidate for label-free and real-time detection of micro and nanoscale analytes. For the detectionof SARS-CoV-۲, a Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor coated with a peptide monolayer andfunctionalized with the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-۲ was developed, which detects viralantibodies in human serum in the nanomolar range inside ۱۵ minutes of sample contact.Conclusion : Over the years, many investigations had been carried out to identify infections; thatnanobiosensing systems have provided tremendous improvements in contamination detection interms of selectivity, effectiveness, sensitivity, specificity and reaction time. This review shows thatviral respiratory infections may be rapidly detected using optical nanobiosensors activated withnanomaterials.

کلیدواژه ها:

COVID-۱۹ ، SARS-CoV-۲ ، Optical nanobiosensors ، Surface plasmon resonance