Human gut and SARS-CoV-۲

Background and Aim : Respiratory syndrome coronavirus-۲ (SARS-CoV-۲) mainly affects therespiratory system; nevertheless, the digestive system can be involved. The human gut microbiomeand health status have a direct correlation. While it is affected by different diseases and vice versa.The main gastrointestinal (GI) effect of the virus is in the intestine. Diarrhea is a highly manifestedsymptom. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-۲ utilizes ACE-۲ receptors (expressed in the intestine) to enterthe cells and exerts its virulence. Also, it modifies the gut microbiome community. Herein, theeffect of SARS-CoV-۲ on the gut microbiome and the gut microbiome involvement in therespiratory system is discussed.Methods : The current paper is a review article. A literature search was done in PubMed and Webof Science databases. Also, Google Scholar and Science Direct search engines were searched.Results : The angiotensin-converting enzyme-۲ receptor is the receptor for SARS-CoV-۲, whichis expressed in the lungs, intestine, and kidney, and the expression is directly correlated with age.Gut microbiota has a direct and indirect effect on the health of the respiratory system.Gastrointestinal symptoms manifest in Covid-۱۹ patients, and diarrhea is the most manifestsymptom. The alteration of the gut microbiome was observed in Covid-۱۹ patients; Firmicuteswas higher compared to healthy individuals, but Bacteroides was vice versa. Besides, in the fungalcommunity of gut microbiota, Candida albicans is the most presented fungi in the mycobiota ofthe patients. Instability was observed in the gut microbiome of the patients, and it lasted for sixmonths after healing.Conclusion : Although Covid-۱۹ is a severe respiratory condition, it affects individuals' GI tract.The effects can be varied, firstly, by receptors entering the cells and secondly by gut microbiota.The most manifested GI symptom was diarrhea, which might result from microbiota communityalteration. Gut microbiota is a highly diverse communication of microorganisms involving thehealth of several organs in humans; it also is an essential factor during hospitalization of Covid-۱۹ patients, which modifies on the stages of the condition. Morganella morganii, Collinsellatanakaei, Collinsella aerofacien, and Streptococcus infantis species are presented highly in Covid-۱۹ patients. Additionally, C.albicans predominated the gut microbiota in the patients.

کلیدواژه ها:

Gut microbiota ، bactibiota ، mycobiota ، Covid-۱۹ ، SARS-CoV-۲