The neuropathological effects of cigarette smoking: A review

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is dangerous to human health and is a major risk factor for a variety of chronic disease. However, its impact on neuropathological effects, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and cerebrovascular disease, is still not very clear. This review aimed to discuss neuropathological effect of cigarette smoke and, in particular, its interference in neurodegeneration.Method: In the present review, we used scientific articles about the Cigarette smoking and neuropathological disorders, indexed in the PubMed, Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Scopus during ۲۰۱۰-۲۰۱۸.Results: The results of this review illustrated that there are dramatic effects of cigarette smoking on the brain. On the one hand, smoking causes dysfunction of the endothelium, resulting in increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. On the other hand, smoking is related to a significantly increased risk for AD. Also, Cigarette smoking appears to be associated with reduced Parkinson's pathology in post-mortem brains.Conclusions: Findings obtained from this review showed that Cigarette smoking have a fundamental role in the etiology of vascular and neurodegenerative disease.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cigarette smoke ، Alzheimer’s Disease ، Parkinson's Disease ، Neurodegeneration