Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics ofChloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment ofCovid-۱۹

Acute coronavirus syndrome started in December ۲۰۱۹ in a city in Chinaand spread rapidly worldwide with high mortality rates. For the rapidtreatment of the disease, many drugs have been used in clinical trials withunproven efficacy. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) aretwo drugs that have received a great deal of attention. CQ and HCQ havebeen used to treat malaria for more than ۵۰ years. The most severe sideeffects of CQ and HCQ are arrhythmias and retinopathy. Othercomplications include hypoglycemia in diabetic patients, hemolytic anemiain patients with G۶PD, tinnitus, headache, nausea, and diarrhea. CQ andHCQ are metabolized by cytochrome P۴۵۰ CYP۲D۶. Cytochrome p۴۵۰ isan important gene in the oxidative metabolism of many drugs, known asphase۱metabolism that due to the presence of genetic polymorphisms, itsexpression is different in individuals. Knowledge of pharmacogenomics isessential for prescribing effective doses and drug safety and avoiding drugside effects.Articles were reviewed using pub med and google scholar databases. Thesearch used the keywords covid-۱۹, sars-cov-۱۹, pharmacogenomics,chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. There are several factors to considerwhen using drugs, such as gene-drug, drug-drug intake, as well as sideeffects of drugs. The role of these factors in the variety of treatmentresponses with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine was considered byexamining the sources. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics andpharmacogenomics of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is essential forprescribing an effective dose with minimal therapeutic side effects.

کلیدواژه ها:

COVID-۱۹ ، pharmacokinetics ، pharmacogenomics ، chloroquine ، hydroxychloroquine