The role of Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in cancer

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a group of non-coding RNAs, contain ۲۴ to۳۱ nucleotides and have been discovered in ۲۰۰۶ in somatic and germ cells.piRNAs are similar in length to miRNAs, have the ability to cross cellmembranes, and are resistant to the degradation of ribonucleases in bodyfluids. piRNAs are produced from scattered foci in the genome known aspiRNA clusters. piRNA clusters are divided into two main groups, singlestrandedand double-stranded, in which double-stranded clusters are mainlypresent in Drosophila germ cells. Cancer is one of the leading causes of deathin humans today. piRNAs are abnormally expressed in a variety of cancersand are constantly present in human blood and in this respect can act aspotential biomarkers of the tumor. piRNAs can act as tumor inhibitors ortumor enhancers in cancer tissues. For example, in breast cancer, which is oneof the leading causes of death in women, piR-۳۶۷۱۲ prevents cellproliferation and invasion, and through the pathway, piR-۳۶۷۱۲ / SEPW۱PRNA / miR-۷ / - ۳۲۴ / P۵۳ / P۲۱ suppresses the tumor. piR-۱۲۴۵ has a tumorenhancingrole in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes the proliferation,growth, and metastasis of CRC cells, and inhibits apoptosis by forming thePIWIL۲ / STAT۳ / p-SRC complex. In glioblastoma, expression of piR-۳۰۱۸۸decreases, suppressing the proliferation of tumor cells and causing apoptosis.Despite all of the researches in this field, the function of piRNAs in cancerand their underlying mechanisms is not fully understood today.

کلیدواژه ها:

cancer ، Piwi interacting RNAs ، non-coding RNA ، breast cancer ، colorectal cancer