Whole genome analysis of fungal plant pathogens to find pathogenicity genes

Sequencing the fungal genomes reveals extensive variability in the structure and dynamics of the genome tobetter understand the mechanisms that have led to the increase in disease incidence related to pathogenicitygenes. The genomes exhibit different numbers of chromosomes and other establishments of chromosomal,defining so-called accessory compartments that are crucial to pathogenicity in plant-infecting fungi.Pathogens produce small proteins called effectors that exert their activity in the host’s extracellularenvironment or inside host cells and manipulate the plant immune system. A significant interest in sequencingthe genomes has understood the localization of effector genes in pathogen genomes. Effectors trigger plantimmune responses that are molecularly similar and often identical in pathogenic and beneficial microbes.The first layer of biochemical plant defense is achieved by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). We are focusing on recent advances ingenome sequencing technologies, genome alignment and assembly (MACSE and ABySS), gene annotation(AUGUSTUS), and effector identification methods (Proteinortho, OrthoFinder, Signal p, Go ontology,Ensemble, and Swissprot) that hold promise to disclose complete and correct effector repertoires. The wholegenomeanalysis allows exploiting entire effector repertoires and knowledge of their diversity withinpathogen populations to develop durable and sustainable resistance breeding strategies, disease control, andmanagement of plant pathogens.

کلیدواژه ها:

genome sequencing ، plant-microbe interaction ، pathogenicity genes ، era