Investigating the association of safe water source and bladder cancer in Iran: An ecological study design

Background and Objective: Bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in Iranian men and accounts for about ۷% of all cancers among adults in Iran. Environmental factors, particularly drinking water sources, have been proposed to play a critical role in urological malignancies and, in particular, in bladder cancer. We aimed to evaluate the association between water source and bladder cancer incidence in Iran.Materials and Methods: We extracted bladder cancer incidence data from Iran from ۱۹۹۰ to ۲۰۱۹ for males and females for all age groups from http://www.healthdata.org/. We entered the data into Joinpoint Software statistical software to present APC and AAPC and its confidence intervals. We used the site https://ourworldindata.org/ to extract data on access to safe drinking water and examine the correlation between bladder cancer and safe water source; we entered the information into R software.Findings: bladder cancer in males had four joint points, and its general trend was upward. AAPC = ۴.۲ (۳.۷-۴.۷) and had five joinpoints in females, and the general trend was upward. [AAPC = ۳.۸ (۳.۳-۴.۲)]. There was a negative correlation between no access safety water source and the incidence of bladder cancer (r = -۰.۹۰۸, P.value ≤۰.۰۰۱).Conclusion: This study indicated that consuming drinking water that contains pollutants has been associated with bladder cancer. In Iran, safety measures have been put in place to limit the level of microbial and chemical pollutants in public drinking water. However, Exposure depends on where a person lives and the water source. Results from our study suggest that water intake safety measures have been put in place to limit the level of arsenic in public drinking water.

کلیدواژه ها:

Water ، Bladder cancer ، Water pollution ، Cancer