Recent Developments in Low-Energy Desalination Technologies: Forward Osmosis and Adsorption Desalination

Naturally available fresh water reserves are not capable of meeting the fresh water demands. Desalinationis a water-treatment process that separates salts from saline water. The main problem with theconventional desalination methods is that they are energy intensive. In this review forward osmosis andadsorption desalination are discussed as novel desalination technologies integrated with low energy.Adsorption desalination is attracting increasing attention because of its ability to generate double distilledfresh water and cooling. The energy consumption of forward osmosis system is lower than the reverseosmosis system of same capacity. This paper provides the state-of-the-art of the physical principles andapplications of forward osmosis and adsorption desalination as well as their strengths and limitations.

کلیدواژه ها:

Desalination ، Low-Energy technology ، Solar energy ، Forward Osmosis ، Adsorption Desalination