Psychosocial Factors and Their Relationship With Selfmanagement in People With Type ۲ Diabetes Mellitus: A Conceptual Framework Based on Socio-Cognitive Theory

Background and aims: Maintaining the health of diabetic people depends on the self-managementof the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of distress, self-efficacy, perceived socialsupport, and self-care with self-management behaviors in the patients with type ۲ diabetes.Methods: The present analytical-descriptive study was conducted on ۲۲۸ diabetic patients, during۲۰۱۶-۲۰۱۷. Most of the participants were male (۶۰.۶%) and the mean age of them was ۵۱.۹۵±۱۵.۰۴.The participants were selected based on a simple random sampling method after completing theconsent form. The required data were collected through questionnaires of distress, self-efficacy,perceived social support, self-care, and self-management. The data were statistically analyzed usingSPSS software version ۲۲.۰.Results: Out of ۲۲۸ participants, ۷۷.۳% were married and the highest frequency in terms of educationalattainment was related to those with a high school diploma. The results indicated that the durationof affliction with diabetes was less than ۱۰-۱۵ years in ۸۸.۹% of the participants. Pearson correlationtest demonstrated that the total score of self-management had a significant relationship with thetotal scores of distress, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and self-care (P<۰.۰۰۵). The results ofregression analysis also indicated that distress, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and self-carehad a predictive power of ۰.۴۳% for self-management. Among these variables, the predictive powersof self-efficacy and self-care were statistically significant, and the prediction rate of self-efficacy wasmore than that of other ones (β = ۰.۱۷).Conclusion: The study findings showed that the researchers who want to perform interventions basedon cognitive-social theory should mainly focus on self-care and self-efficacy.

کلیدواژه ها:

Diabetics ، Self-management ، Psychological and social factors ، Socio-cognitive theory