The Effects of Plastic Wastes in the Marine Environment: A Review

Plastics due to diversity, lightweight, strength, and transparency are suitable for packaging, production of building materials, automotive, agriculture, and other uses. Widespread fishing of recreational or industrial also enhances migration to coastal areas, can plastic wastes (about 80% of the plastic debris) enter the marine environment. Plastic debris affects fish, turtle species, seabird species, marine mammal species, and other organisms. Accumulation of debris on the floor of the sea can inhibit the gaseous exchange and lead to hypoxia or anoxia. In the marine organisms to entanglement in debris and their ingestion cause disruptions in movement, nutrition, reduce reproduction, injury, wounds, and death. Also, these wastes can cause invasion of alien species. Microplastics are tiny fragments of plastic debris that give a route for the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to enter the marine food web. Plastic wastes affect marine habitats and can drown in grave of the sea. Most plastic debris is accumulated on the beach and can create problems for seabirds and other marine organisms.

کلیدواژه ها:

Plastics Waste ، Debris ، Marine Environment ، Organism