ارزیابی ژرم پلاسم مناطق مختلف بمنظور انتخاب پایه مناسب گردو

Many breeding efforts have been done to inbreed walnut genotypes with higher yield by selecting genotypes having lateral bearing. But less attention has been paid to rootstock properties, while there are genotypes in various parts of Iran that sustain unsuitable environmental such as soil, weather and water conditions, and have lived a long life and passed natural selection, successfully. In this research the offspring of the selected genotypes were evaluated. From 1384 (2005), evaluating the genotypes that seem to be suitable for rootstock, was started in walnut orchards in Kerman, Tehran, Khorasan-e Razavi, and Azarbayjan provinces. 19 single trees were selected, upon the measurement of some vegetative properties, and their seeds were collected. The seeds were planted in a RCBD pattern, with 3 replicates, in winter of 1384 (2005-6), in Kerman, Karaj, and Mashad. In years of 1385 till 1387 (2006-2008), some vegetative properties, such as germination percent, shoot height, leaves number, and percent of successful grafting were measured in Karaj. The results showed that the walnut genotype Z30 with 64% of germination, 23.5 cm of shoot height, 12.1 of leaves and 1.87 of interned length proportion, had the highest records. When the Hartley genotype was grafted on offspring rootstocks from Mashad5 genotypes with 90% of successful grafting, and when grafts from Z63 were grafted, the offspring rootstocks from Kerman 3 and Mashad 5 genotypes with 100% of successfully grafting, were the best. The grafts from Mashad 1 offspring with 30.52 cm of shoot length in first year, and from Mashad 3 with total shoot length of 111.21 cm, had the highest growth. The results from Kerman experiments, showed no significant difference in shoot length and diameter of offspring of the studied walnut genotypes, therefore the genotypes Z67, AZ2, AZ1 and Yad, that had the highest germination, are recommendable as suitable genotypes for producing rootstocks, in the environmental conditions of this experiment. Upon the results from Mashad first experiment, the genotype Kh.1-h3 that its vegetative growth was in highest category and damaged the least by cold weather is recommendable. In second category, the genotypes Kar.1, Kar.2, Kh.2-ab1 and Kh.3-d3 that had both good vegetative growth and sustained better the cold weather, are recommendable. Upon the second experiment in Mashad, the genotypes Kh2-bin and Az-s2 that had both good vegetative growth and good germination are recommendable, in Mashad experiment environmental condition.

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گردوها ، پایه های پیوند ، ژنوتیپ ها ، انتخاب (روش های زادگیری)