Targeted treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the second deadliest cancer after lung cancer in men, peptides targeting cancer cells can be used as targeted therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Immunotoxin is a new method in targeted cancer treatment in which antibody is conjugated to toxin. Immunotoxins act selectively against cells due to the property of antibodies and kill cells through bacterial or plant toxins. Also, one of the other important drugs is Abiraterone, which plays an effective role in reducing the effects of prostate cancer. Also, by evaluating the cytotoxicity of lemon leaf extract separately or in combination with docetaxel, the cells were cultured in 96 well plates. After treating cells with different concentrations of extracts and drugs, their viability was measured by MTT test, which according to the findings of lemon leaf extract, had a specific toxic effect on prostate cancer cells in vitro and cytotoxicity increased docetaxel. The distinct expression of a placenta-specific antibody, PLAC1, in prostate cancer and its direct correlation with the degree of malignancy indicate the capacity of PLAC1 as an immunotherapy target for prostate cancer. A creative model of nanotechnology is based on a new generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that uses the antibody with its inherent nanometer dimensions, simultaneously as a targeting agent and a carrier of the toxic agent into cancer cells. This technology has opened a promising horizon in the targeted treatment of cancer with the introduction of two samples approved by the FDA, Adcetris and Kadcyla, and more than 70 current studies in the clinical trial stages, which is characterized by the reactivity and specificity of a series of monoclonal anti-PLAC1 antibodies. was evaluated The expression pattern of PLAC1 biomarker in three prostate cancer cell lines including LNCaP, DU145, PC3 and a colon cancer cell line (LS180) as a negative control was investigated by PCR, western blot and flow cytometry methods. Then, by adding the amine active group to the camptocin drug derivative, SN38, and confirming it by FT-IR, H-NMR, Mass and C-NMR methods, it was possible to attach it to the hydrocarbon part of the antibody. The results of PLAC1 expression analysis confirm the significant presence of this antibody in prostate cancer cells. anti-PLAC1-ADC exerted a selective cytotoxic effect on PLAC1+ cells, and its IC50 was 62 nM, which is about 15 times lower than that of SN38. The results of proximity of anti-PLAC1-ADC and isotype-matched-ADC with PLAC1- and PLAC1+ cells, respectively, did not show significant cytotoxic effect. In the results reported, for the first time, the capacity of ADCs based on anti-PLAC1 antibody as a new method of immunotherapy for patients with prostate cancer has been reported.