Crisis Management Strategy Implementation Model

Crisis is one of the issues of human societies; the management of each of its stages requires the implementation of a crisis management strategy. The “crisis management strategy implementation model” is considered a process-conceptual model. Therefore, it demonstrates the effective factors in the implementation of the strategy in addition to indicating the stages of its successful implementation. Based on the presented model, the strategy implementation components are operationalized in each of the pre-crisis, during-crisis and post-crisis stages correspondingly through the three processes, including "tool-making", "flow-making," and "institution-making

 

 Amjad & Ebrahiminejad & Poursaeid's crisis management strategy implementation model consists of a core and four layers as follows

The core of this model encompasses the "crisis management strategy implementation," which serves as a pivotal point in the model, similar to the " Burnett model of crisis management." It acts as the initiator and link for strategy implementation across all stages of crisis management, signifying the interdependencies and connections between these stages

The first layer is categorized into three phases: "pre-crisis, during crisis, and post-crisis," based on the temporal cycle of crisis management. This phase categorization aligns with various crisis management models, such as the "three-stage crisis management mode

The second layer comprises influential crisis management strategies within each of the pre-crisis, during-crisis, and post-crisis stages. The pre-crisis phase strategy includes resource evaluation, foresight, training-learning, and resilience improvement. The during-crisis stage strategy encompasses rapid evaluation, crisis response, and crisis containment. Moreover, the post-crisis stage strategy consists of damage evaluation, reconstruction, rehabilitation, structural reforms, and strategy evaluation. A comparative examination of this model with other crisis management models indicates that, although the shape and type of layering differ from a four-layer crisis management intervention model, they share similarities in having a layer as a strategy.

The third layer is related to the processes through which the strategy is implemented. Similarly, this layer can be observed as the model of the operational urban planning of the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, which includes the tool-making, flow-making, and institution-making processes. The existence of the process layer in the proposed model is based on a systemic viewpoint (input, process, output), similar to the "Galbraith and Nathanson strategy implementation model" and the "Stonich strategy implementation model." In this regard, the strategy (input) is transformed into performance (output) through these processes in each of the pre-crisis, during-crisis, and post-crisis stages

The tool-making process represents the pre-crisis phase and refers to the selection and allocation of tangible and intangible resources for preparedness for crisis, crisis management, and restoration of ideal conditions. This process encompasses the selection and allocation of financial and human resources and necessary equipment for managing all phases of a crisis. By creating databases, it establishes the foundations for planning and policy-making to predict, prevent, and limit crises and their damages, as well as for rehabilitation

The flow-making process represents the during-crisis phase and involves the creation of a dynamic and continuous flow towards strategy implementation. It aims to overcome critical conditions and reach desirable situations through a participatory approach. This process initiates crisis response and containment, as well as the provision of emergency services. It requires leadership and involves rapid evaluation to understand the extent and severity of the crisis, environmental and human damages, destruction, casualties, and the prioritization of needs

The institution-making process represents the post-crisis phase and focuses on establishing or strengthening social institutions with a defined philosophy of existence (clear structure, purpose, and mission). It involves collective efforts and adherence to human values to implement efficient activities and measures. This process includes the formation, improvement, and development of civil institutions and their active organization, enabling actions such as reliable data collection and dissemination, rehabilitation, reconstruction, normalization, and impartial monitoring

The fourth layer is the final layer in the proposed model, and similar to the other layers, it corresponds to the phases of pre-crisis, during a crisis, and post-crisis, along with the tool-making, flow-making, and institution-making processes. It represents the components through which the strategy is operationalized and implemented

The implementation of the strategy in the pre-crisis phase includes securing financial, human, and equipment resources, "data production, update, and processing," planning, and policy-making. Although these components are operational elements of strategy implementation in the pre-crisis phase, they are the main tools of crisis management in its three stages

The implementation of the strategy in the during-crisis phase includes prioritization, leadership, and the provision of emergency services. When a crisis occurs, the most critical phase of crisis management is encountered with prioritization, leadership, and the provision of emergency services to respond to and contain the crisis.

The implementation of the strategy in the post-crisis phase consists of institutions of information gathering and media coverage, institutions of financial, economic, and relief support, as well as success of supervising 

performance

:References

Investigation of Components of Crisis Management Strategy Implementation Model in Bahabad County, Iran