Investigation and Analysis of Superconductivity and Diamagnetic Properties in The Structure of Various Types of (Nanowires)

Note: Silicon nanowires are one of the best examples of semiconductor nanostructures that can be fabricated as single crystals with diameters as small as 9 to 10 nm.

Electromagnetic nature of nanoparticles in magnetic materials, its constituent molecules and atoms  have electromagnetic properties. In simpler terms, elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys that  are attracted  by a magnet are called magnetic materials. The classification of electromagnetic materials is based on magnetic susceptibility (the ability of a material to become magnetized). Based on this, materials are classified into three groups: ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic. The resultant dipole moment in electromagnetic diamagnetic materials is zero, and in the presence of a magnetic field, a  dipole moment is induced in them; but the direction of these induced dipoles  is opposite to the direction of the external magnetic field, which causes the material (diamagnetic) to be repelled from the magnetic field. By removing the external magnetic field, the magnetic property of these materials does not remain. The magnetic susceptibility of these materials is negative and very low (about 6-10 -3 to 10 -3). All gases (except oxygen), water, silver, gold, copper, diamond, graphite, bismuth and many organic compounds are (diamagnetic). The magnetic dipoles  in a paramagnetic material do not have a specific and regular orientation; as a result, these materials do not have magnetic properties. If they are placed in a magnetic field,  they become regular in the direction of the magnetic field lines. By removing the magnetic field  , the magnetic dipoles quickly return to the previous state they had in the absence of the field. In this way, paramagnetic materials acquire magnetic properties in strong nanoelectromagnetic fields.

Nanowires have a structure that   has an amazing length-to-width ratio .  Nanowires are extremely thin - it is possible to create nanowires with a diameter of just one nanometer,  nanowires are used to create the smallest transistors (nanotransistors). Nanowires  can  have  the properties of insulators, semiconductors or metals. Insulators do not carry an electric charge, while metals carry an electric charge very well.  Semiconductors fall between the two and become charged under the right conditions.   By placing semiconductor wires in the right configuration, transistors can be made that  act as either switches  or  amplifiers  . Some of the interesting and counterintuitive properties of nanowires are due to their small scale.

Conclusion :

Nanowires are just like regular electrical wires except for the fact that they are much smaller.  Like regular wires, nanowires can be made from a variety of conductive and semiconducting materials, such as copper, silver, gold, iron, silicon, zinc oxide, and germanium.  Nanowires can also be made from carbon nanotubes.