Nano-Supercapacitors: Electronic Storage (Superconductivity) Capabilities in Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Particles

Note:  Nano-supercapacitors have the ability to store electronic energy (superconductivity) in carbon nanotubes in such a way that in  the nanotube structure, every three carbon atoms have the ability to store one lithium ion, while in graphite, every six carbon atoms have the ability to store one lithium ion. Also, the ability to store energy in nanotubes is many times the volume of graphite electrodes.

Large amounts of hydrogen can be stored in nanotubes for energy and fuel cell applications. They are superconducting. The radius of these superconducting nanotubes is only 6.4 nm. Phase transitions  in one- or two-dimensional systems  where room-temperature superconductivity can be found in carbon nanotubes and graphene particles, and superconductivity is present in them. When a liquid passes through coils of single-walled carbon nanotubes, an electrical voltage is generated. This technique is used to  make liquid flow sensors to detect very small amounts of liquid and to generate voltage in  biomedical applications. Liquids with high ionic strength also produce higher voltages  .

The increase in thermal power and resistance of nanotubes is proportional to the cube root of the mass of atoms and molecules.  Heating also increases the strength of the nanotube, increasing its tensile strength sixfold and  increasing its conductivity. As atoms or molecules collide with a carbon nanotube,  its electrical resistance changes.

Arc discharge method

In this method, carbon atoms are heated and vaporized by passing a high current through the two electrodes, the anode and cathode, into a helium gas plasma  . The electric arc method is the most common and perhaps the simplest method for producing carbon nanotubes, and  in it a mixture of nanotubes and impurities is produced, which makes it possible to separate the nanotubes from the soot and metals . The thallium present in the raw product is essential. In this method, nanotubes  are produced by electric arc evaporation of two carbon rods that are placed opposite each other and at a distance of approximately 1 mm from each other. The electrodes  are placed in a chamber filled with an inert gas (helium or argon) at a relatively low pressure of 56-766 mbar. Creating a potential of about 26 volts with a current in the range of 56-166 amps causes an electrical discharge in the gas at high temperature, and the heat from the discharge  evaporates one of the carbon electrodes and a deposit in the form of small rods is formed on the other electrode.

Conclusion :

Note:  Nano-supercapacitors have the ability to store electronic energy (superconductivity) in carbon nanotubes in such a way that in the structure of  nanotubes, every three carbon atoms have the ability to store one lithium ion, while in graphite, every six carbon atoms have the ability to store one lithium ion. Also, the ability to store energy in nanotubes is many times the volume of graphite electrodes.