Intraoral Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

Background and Objective: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium that is characterized by irreversible destruction of the tooth attachment and its surrounding bone.The disease state, if left untreated, can lead to progressive loss of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament and supporting alveolar bone, ultimately resulting in an aesthetically and functionally compromised dentition, including premature tooth loss.The pathogenesis of periodontal disease involves a complex interaction between the host s immune response to microbial colonization of the periodontal attachment, and modifying host factors, including tobacco smoking2 and genetic susceptibility.The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy relies on the achievement of complete restoration of all components of the periodontium to their original architecture and function.A number of different procedures have been described.To describe the latest trends, principles of these different treatment approaches include the use of graft materials to compensate for the bone loss incurred as a result of periodontal disease.Materials and Methods: this review has been done by searching in electronic data bases including PubMed and current released articles using dental stem cells , stem cells and periodontology as key words.Finding: Dental-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like populations are among many other isolated and characterized stem cells residing in specialized tissues.There has been a considerable amount of research conducted to assess the regenerative capacity of PDLSCs in a range of dental and craniofacial defects in various animal models. It is evident from these studies that implanted PDLSCs generate cementum and periodontal ligament-like structures similar to native periodontal complex. In a very early study autologous re-implantation of extracted dental roots lined with PDL cells in minipigs resulted in the formation of connective tissue,resembling PDL and mimicking the orientation of the fibre bundles,within four weeks of implantation.Coclusion:To date,extraoral and dental-tissue-derived stem progenitor cells have been used for tissue engineering studies in small and large animal models to assess their potential in preclinical applications.While there may be an overwhelming body of evidence to support the notion that MSCs can be used for periodontal regeneration, there are several main objectives that need to be addressed

کلیدواژه ها:

mesenchymal stem cells ، tissue regeneration ، stem cells and periodontology