Genetic Analysis and Genealogy of Ancient Bone Samples

Ancient DNA analysis can inspire both public and scientific community. Knowing about ancient human genome and comparing with modern human being genome can give us new perspective about evolution and migration of human during the history. Ancient DNA (aDNA) is DNA isolated from ancient specimens. It can be also loosely described as any DNA recovered from biological samples that have not been preserved specifically for later DNA analyses. Examples include the analysis of DNA recovered from archaeological and historical skeletal material, mummified tissues, archival collections of non-frozen medical specimens, preserved plant remains, ice and permafrost cores, Holocene plankton in marine and lake sediments, and so on. Due to the considerable anthropological, archaeological, and public interest directed toward human remains, they have received considerable attention from the DNA community.In the very beginning of 1980, a group of Chinese researches proved that DNA is preserved in the tissues of ancient bodies. At 1984 researchers succeeded in the extraction DNA from quagga, an extinct member of the horse family, and in 1985 they could extract DNA from mammoth remains. At 1984 paabo demonstrated that DNA was present in a mummified infant from an Egyptian dynasty.Genetic genealogy is the use of DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogical methods to infer relationships between individuals and find ancestors. Genetic genealogy involves the use of genealogical DNA testing to determine the level and type of the genetic relationship between individuals. In this method we using of DNA markers such as autosomal SNPs, Y SNPs and mtDNA SNPs. By analyzing the sequence of mtDNA and chromosome Y, we can identify the path of human migration throughout history and the common ancestor of humans.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ancient DNA ، Genealogy ، DNA testing ، DNA markers ، mtDNA ، SNPs