Candidate genes and milk production in the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): Focus on the DGAT1, CSN, GH, GHR, PRL and PRLR genes

Water and River buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) are important domestic animals distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. Recent studies have reported that DGAT1, GH, GHR,PRL, CSN and PRLR genes localized near to quantitative trait loci (QTL) are associated with milk traits(fat and protein) in dairy cattle and buffalo. DGAT1 in buffaloes is approximately 8.3 kb long, contains 17 exons, and is located on the 14 chromosome. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 8 exon of DGAT1 that cause the substitution of lysine with alanine (K232A) were considered to significantly affect variation in milk fat content(1). CSN3 polymorphism has been investigated during the last decade using nucleotide sequence analysis. Two nucleotide variants at codons 135 Thr (ACC)/Ile (ATC) and 136 Thr (ACC/ACT) (silent mutation), have been reported in Italian Bulgarian and water buffalo genomic library (1).Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone synthesized and secreted by the somatotroph cells, and plays an important role in postnatal tissue growth, lactation, reproduction, and also, protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in buffalo (2). Prolactin (PRL) is one of the most versatile hormones of the pituitary gland in terms of biological activities. The main functions of PRL are regulation of reproduction, promotion of lactation in mammals, synthesis of milk (lactogenesis) and maintenance of milk secretion (galactopoiesis)(2). The aim of the present study was to molecular bioinformatics analysis of Candidate genes and milk production in the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) whit Focus on the DGAT1, CSN, GH, GHR, PRL and PRLR genes. The nucleotide sequence of DGAT1 (AY999090), GH (AJ011533), GHR (AY940159), PRL (EF207441), PRLR (EF054878) and CSN (GCF_000471725.1) was obtained from Gen NCBI. The DNASTAR (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, WI, USA), Genomics (CLC Genomics, version 4) soft wares were used for finding cis-regulatory elements in genomic sequences, CpG islands and ORFs regions. As well as, in order to find a relationship between PIN and sequences I only used some criterions such as homology sequences based on Blast P among species mentioned. Sequence similarity of DGAT1, GH, GHR,PRL, CSN and PRLR genes among different species showed that DGAT1, GH, GHR,PRL, CSN and PRLR form a highly conserved sequence family and also sequence identity between DGAT1, GH, GHR,PRL, CSN and PRLR and other is relatively high (95–100%). The curve and regulatory sub network analysis (structure of interaction) of the DGAT1, GH, GHR,PRL, CSN and PRLR genes with FSHB-R, IGF1 and 2, TGFB1, LH and Alpha Polypeptide on the buffalo was showed significant differences in milk production. On the other hand, results indicated that there is several possible CpG islands (CGIs) in the guanine- and cytosine rich regions for epigenetic and genome studies. Additionally, the sequences of DGAT1, GH, GHR, PRL, CSN and PRLR genes showed 13, 6, 3, 7, 4 and 9 motifs at several regions. The Results herein suggest that more studies are needed to better understand of effects of candidate genes on milk product in buffalo.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bubalus bubalis ، Candidate gene ، Bioinformatics.