The role and challenges of using long non-coding RNAs in diagnostic and prognostic of cancers

Background:Long non-coding RNAs are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides with limited protein-coding potential. Long non-coding RNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of malignancies. Also, long non-coding RNAs have been linked to hallmarks of cancer: (a) sustaining proliferative signaling; (b) evading growth suppressors; (c) enabling replicative immortality; (d) activating invasion and metastasis. Recent studies indicate their role as diagnostic and prognosis biomarkers in patients with various cancers. However, there are many challenges to using long non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. First, there is a large number of lncRNAs and their up- or downregulation in various cancers, it is crucial to identify the most important lncRNAs associated with specific type/subtype of cancer. Second, the topic lncRNAs are very new and information about this field is not complete. Also, unlike protein-coding genes, lncRNAs are poorly conserved across different species. Therefore, in vitro and animal models may not be easily extended to human applications and may need detailed clinical studies. Also, their stability varies in biological fluids, so the focus should be on the most stable and reliable long non-coding RNA.Method:This review article has been prepared with a search based on keywords related to the aim of this paper. We use scientific databases such as Scholar, PubMed, Science direct and Embase. Almost all the articles that were used, are for the last 5 years.Conclusion:The purpose of this review study is to examine the role and challenges of using long non-coding RNAs in diagnostic and prognostic different cancer

کلیدواژه ها:

Long non-coding RNA ، Cancer ، Prognostic biomarkers ، Diagnosis biomarkers