Immunotherapy in urinary tract cancer

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has become a major modality for the treatment of clear cell RCC, both as initial therapy and after antiangiogenic therapy for those initially treated with targeted agents.in metastatic or locally advanced disease, For those with intermediate or poor risk diseas we recommend either the combinationof nivolumab plus ipilimumab or pembrolizumab plus axitinib, rather than sunitinib alone. Immunotherapy is approved as a second-line treatment for metastatic urothelial cancer. Their use as a first-line agent is only limited to patients who are ineligible for cisplatin-based treatments.