Wound Healing Process

Introduction: Awareness of the wound healing process is essential for the patient and caregiver. In everyday pathology, wounds remain a challenging clinical problem, with early and late complications presenting a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. Wound healing remains a challenging clinical problem and correct, efficient wound management is essential. This process is divided into predictable phases: blood clotting hemostasis, inflammation, tissue growth, and tissue remodeling Literature Review: Wound healing is a natural physiological reaction to tissue injury. However, wound healing is not a simple phenomenon but involves a complex interplay between numerous cell types, cytokines, mediators, and the vascular system. Hemostasis is the process of the wound being closed by clotting. Hemostasis starts when blood leaks out of the body. The first step of hemostasis is when blood vessels constrict to restrict the blood flow. Finally, coagulation occurs and reinforces the platelet plug with threads of fibrin which are like a molecular binding agent. Inflammation is the second stage of wound healing and begins right after the injury when the injured blood vessels leak transudate causing localized swelling. Inflammation both controls bleeding and prevents infection. The fluid engorgement allows healing and repair cells to move to the site of the wound. The proliferative phase of wound healing is when the wound is rebuilt with new tissue made up of collagen and extracellular matrix. In the proliferative phase, the wound contracts as new tissues are built. In addition, a new network of blood vessels must be constructed so that the granulation tissue can be healthy and receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients.In the final phase of the proliferative stage of wound healing, epithelial cells resurface the injury. Also called the remodeling stage of wound healing, the maturation phase is when collagen is remodeled from type III to type I and the wound fully closes. The cells that had been used to repair the wound but which are no longer needed are removed by apoptosis, or programmed cell death. During the maturation phase, collagen is aligned along tension lines and water is reabsorbed so the collagen fibers can lie closer together and cross-link. The stages of wound healing are a complex and fragile process. Failure to progress in the stages of wound healing can lead to chronic wounds. Conclusion: Now, due to the variety of factors causing the wound, it is essential to have a specialist wound care professional. Wounds occupy a remarkable place in everyday pathology. They are of diverse etiology and different classification criteria exist. Correct clinical management may positively influence the wound healing course and reduce potential complications. Future developments will depend very much on public and professional support for further research. Provision of an effective service for patients with wound problems requires the skills of many specialties. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of wounds and discusses the wound healing phases, highlighting the role of the inter professional team in evaluating and treating patients with a wound.