Evaluation of convergent and divergent thinking in multiple sclerosis patients

سال انتشار: 1398
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 537

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

NSCMED08_106

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 15 دی 1398

چکیده مقاله:

Background and Aim : : Creativity is the ability to generate behaviours that are novel, useful, and efficient. Previous studies showed that there is a positive significant relationship between creativity and positive affection as well as intrinsic motivation. There was also a negative correlation between creativity and negative affection. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a frequent neurological disease which mostly occurs in early to middle adulthood. Cognitive impairment caused by MS affects up to 60% of individuals and occurs independent of physical decline. The cognitive deficits in MS patients can increase due to the prevalence of anxiety or depression in MS patients. Cognitive impairment and mood disorder can adversely affect creativity. The aim of this study was to evaluate two domains of creativity (convergent and divergent) as well as influencing factors such as affection and motivation in multiple sclerosis patients.Methods : 40 relapse remitting MS patients from the Specialty Patient Clinic and 34 healthy subjects in Rafsanjan /Iran were selected through convenience sampling. They were tested individually in one session, in which they took four paper-and-pencil-type tests (RAT, AUT, Watson Affection and Amabile Motivation). In Mednick’s Remote Associates Test (RAT) which evaluates divergent thinking with 30 items, three words are presented and the participant is required to identify the fourth word that connects these three seemingly unrelated words. The answer for each item can be associated with the words of the triad in various ways, such as synonymy, formation of a compound word, or semantic association. In the Guilford’s Alternative Uses Test (AUT), which is related to divergent thinking task, participants were asked to list as many possible uses for brick. Scoring comprised of three components: Originality: Each response is compared to the total amount of responses from all of the participants. Responses that were given by only 5% of the group counted as unusual (1 point) and responses given by only 1% count as unique (2 points). Fluency: The total of all responses. Flexibility: The number of different categories used. Watson’s 20-item questionnaire for Assessment of Positive and Negative Affection and Amabile’s 5-item intrinsic motivation questionnaire were also filled out by the participants.Results : Of the 74 participants, 40 (54.1%) were MS patients and 34 (45.9%) were healthy. There was a significant difference between the two groups of healthy subjects and MS patients in terms of motivational score (p <0.001), positive affection score (p = 0.001), negative affection score (p = 0.003), fluency of AUT (p = 0.001), flexibility of AUT (p = 0.002), RAT score (p = 0.005). But there was no significant difference in the originality score (p = 0.975) between the healthy subjects and MS patients.Conclusion : The results showed that in MS patients divergent and convergent thinking decreased. Because of motivation and positive affection loss and negative affection increase in MS patients, and their influence on creativity, such an outcome was expected. Also, the presence of plaque in the frontal lobe, depression, and reduced information processing speed can be other possible mechanisms of creativity decline that should be investigated in future studies.

نویسندگان

Mahdieh Azin

Physiology- Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

Fatemeh Kariminejad

Islamic Azad Univesity, Tehran, Iran

Fatemeh Ayoobi

Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran