Novel findings in enhanced S-cone syndrome: a case with macular retinal neovascularization and severe retinal vasculitis

Purpose: To describe a novel association of enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) with macular retinal neovascularization and severe retinal vasculitis. Methods: Clinical examination, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared reflectance and electroretinography were used to study a 25-year-old male with a history of night blindness from early childhood and recent accelerated visual loss in right eye. Results: Pigmented lesions were observed along the arcades without peripheral retinal involvement. Intraretinal cystoid spaces, retinal neovascularization of posterior pole and severe peripheral and posterior retinal vasculitis were found on clinical examination and multimodal imaging. Based on characteristic clinical and electroretinographic findings, a diagnosis of ESCS was madeConclusion: This case highlights novel associations of retinal neovascularization and vasculitis with ESCS