Obesity of Women and Associated Disorders

Backgrounds: Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity and overweight in industrialized countries and in a substantial number of developing countries is increasing at an alarming rate. The World Health Organization has defined obesity as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. According to estimates, in 2015 about 2.3 billion men and women were overweight (BMI 25 to 30 kg/m 2) and 700 million were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). The prevalence of obesity is estimated to range from 5% in some developing countries to more than 30% in developed countries Obesity is an important public health issue not only because of its prevalence, but also because of the global impact it has on an individual’s physical health and quality of life. Quality of life, control over eating behavior and issues related to sexual function are three topics of relevance to a population with overweight or obesity.Material and Method: Researches show that the obesity epidemic has also contributed to fertility problems. Obese women have a lower chance of conceiving naturally than non‐obese women and a higher risk of miscarriage. Obesity can result in anovulation and a reduced chance of conceiving in ovulatory subfertility women. Obesity also has a negative impact on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Pregnancy and live birth rates following IVF are lower in obese women. Moreover, literature suggests that obesity is related to maternal and neonatal complications including congenital anomalies, hypertensive disorder, gestational diabetes, prolonged labor, macrosomia, and shoulder dystocia. To prevent the adverse effects of obesity, weight loss is recommended as the first line of treatment in obese women seeking pregnancy. Studies have demonstrated that as body mass index (BMI) increases, weight-related quality of life scores diminish; similarly, reductions in weight have been shown to improve these outcomes in patients with obesity.Result: Binge eating and control over eating behavior are additional issues of importance to individuals with overweight or obesity. To prevent the adverse effects of obesity, weight loss is recommended as the first line of treatment in obese women seeking pregnancy. to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle treatment (diet, exercise, behavioral or combined treatments) in women with PCOS, lifestyle intervention improved body composition, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance Conclusion: The etiology of obesity is believed to be multifactorial, with both genetic and environmental contributions. A key determinant of obesity is the balance between ingested calories and the body s basal energy expenditure. Obesity therefore results when small positive energy balances accumulate over a long period of time. Weight loss can be achieved by lifestyle intervention programs incorporating the combination of a healthy diet, increase of physical activity, behavioral modification, and use of complementary and traditional healthcare approaches and medications