A Boundary Element Creep Analysis of Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Solids

The use of advanced materials in the engineering design stages of structures is among the most important subjects. The functionally graded materials (FGMs) were introduced to overcome the disadvantages associated with homogeneous coatings and also to reduce the residual stresses in layered composites by serving as tailored interfacial zone materials with continuously varying mechanical properties. The FGMs and quasistatic time variations are considered in the present research. Employing a proper constitutive equation and a weighted residual technique, a new boundary element formulation is implemented for creep analysis of heterogeneous viscoelastic solid models. The present approach uses the creep compliance and mathematical transformation and is capable of solving problems with arbitrary load - time dependencies and boundary conditions.