Diabetes and heart disease (new advances)

Even though microvascular disease Including nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy are well known complications of diabetes mellitus however cardiovascular disease is the principal and primary cause of mortality and morbidity in the form of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, heart failure and peripheral artery disease.Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of acute coronary syndrome, mortality from acute myocardial infarction and 2-4 fold increase in risk of heart failure and coronary heart disease.However recent studies have revealed a substantial decrease in risk of all mentioned complications compared to older studies suggesting better diagnosis and management and control of diabetes mellitus.Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus predicts 2 times increased in risk of stroke and 4 fold increase in its adverse clinical outcome compared to non diabetics. 50% of lower extremity amputations are attributed to peripheral artery disease a known complication of diabetes mellitus .Different aspects of these mentioned problems related to diabetes mellitus and heart are going to be discussed.