Tissue engineering in craniomaxillofacial bone defects

Craniomaxillofacial tissue is a complex tissue consisting of hard and soft tissues, such as; bone, cartilage, muscle, skin, nerve, vessel and... Autogenous tissue has been accepted as a gold standard for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, but there are some problems in this method; such as pain, bleeding, the risk of thrombosis, donor site morbidity and post-surgical ulcer that affect the quality life of patients. Therefore the restoration of aesthetic characteristics and normal function of craniomaxillofacial tissues are challenges. Due to current limitations, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been developed. In bone tissue engineering strategies, injectable and non-injectable scaffolds have been progressed. Also, different biomaterials such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and bioceramics are used in the production of scaffolds. On the other hand, in order to obtain better therapeutic results, different types of stem cells are introduced into the scaffolds. Fewer surgery injuries and more aesthetics characteristics are achieved in the placement of injectable scaffold, therefore; it’s better to use injectable scaffold for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. In this review, we also focus on the application of different types of stem cells harvested from oral tissue in the development of craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering.

کلیدواژه ها:

Craniomaxillofacial tissue ، Tissue engineering ، Reconstruction ، Injectable scaffold