Three Dimensional (3D) Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

The initiation of the scaffold-based tissue engineering concept dates back to the mid 1980s. A scaffold provides a physical network like an in vivo Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) microenvironment in 3D position ex vivo onto which cells are seeded. This construct is critical for supporting and guiding cells ex vivo with a congenial environment, which should be closer to their natural in vivo circumstances that are essential for tissue formation during the repair process.Material and porosity architecture design of Scaffold is important due to providing temporary support for cell to attach and proliferate, preserving the optimal space for mass transport requirements of cell nutrients and delivering bioactive compounds such as drugs and growth factors. 3D cell cultures provide more precise representation of cell polarization than in 2D the cells can only be partially polarized. 3D scaffold is capable to provide a 3D cell niche which surrounds cells. The interaction between cells and scaffold in a molecular level take place due to cell-surface receptors. Engineered skeletal muscle tissue by using 3D micropatterned scaffolds that promote cell alignment and tissue formation lead to organization of skeletal muscle tissue. Significantly, 3D environment provided direct cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction to promote cancer heterogeneity.By mimicking features of the in vivo environment, Three-dimensional in vitro models cover the gap between two-dimensional cell cultures and animal tissues. 3D culture is critical in cell engineering for the obtaining of mature cells. By improving cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions (as in vivo microenvironment) that directly affects on cell function

کلیدواژه ها:

3D ، Scaffold ، Tissue engineering