Scaffold engineering in tissue engineering applications

Tissue engineering is based on three main base: scaffold, cell and growth factor. Scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering.Scaffolds should mimic extra cellular Matrix (ECM)functions and properties. Different biomaterials are used in scaffold productionprocess. Several types of scaffold such as:fibers, foam and gel can be usedin tissue engineering applications. Material selection is important subject in scaffold designing. There are a wide variety of materials that can be used in tissue engineeringapplications such as:polymers, metals, ceramics and composites.Materials that used for scaffold producing should consist of some properties such as: bioactivity, biodegradability, adequate porosity, good physical and mechanical strengths, low immunogenicity response, acceptable angiogenesisand facility of handling. The rate of Scaffold degradation should match with new tissueformationwithout any adverse byproducts.The combination of two or more different materials creates new material that named composite and showsbetter properties in comparison to each component.Improving bio-material properties increases cell adhesion quality and is important in cell behavior andmaterial bio-compatibility. Selection of bio-materials and composed them to reach an ideal scaffold, depends on understanding properties of bio-materials.This review introduces the biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and describes their application in the engineering of new tissues and the manipulation of tissue responses andprovides different examples of bio-materials that used in tissue engineering and interaction between bio-materials and cells.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bio-materials ، Tissue engineering ، Cell behavior ، Scaffold design