Infections Power in Burns

Burns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. From total of 2 million fires each year, 1.2 million people injured while approximately 100,000 injuries require hospitalization, and about 5,000 patients die from burn-related complications. This kind of injuries induces a state of immunosuppression that predisposes the victim to infectious complications. Based on the last reports, most deaths in severely burn-injured patients are still due to wound sepsis or complications due to inhalation injury. Burn patients are also at risk for developing sepsis secondary to pneumonia, catheter-related infections, and suppurative thrombophlebitis. To improv outcomes for severely burned patients,they have been attributed to medical advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary and burn wound care, and infection control practices. In burned patients with > 40% TBSA, 75% of deaths are related to sepsis or other infection complications. According to the burn wound criteria (Nutrient & Moist), it’s a prone media for bacterial and fungal growth. The most sources of infections are endogenous from victim skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory flora, while exogenous sources shouldn’t be neglected. On filed experiences Gram positive bacteria from endogenous flora sources are the first and immediate colonizes while it may exchange with other prevalent bacteria in hospital settings due to external environmental surfaces, water, fomites, air, and the soiled hands of health care workers. Colonization of wounds by fungi and yeast are most due to the uses of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. In this infections circulating, hospital acquired forms are most important because of that these micro-organisms are tending to be more resistant to antibiotics than those originated from patient’s flora. Beside the power of infectious antibiotic resistance, extent and depth of the injury, the quantity and quality of microbial virulence factors can increase the risk of pathogenicity and patients’ mortality. Because of these reasons, knowing the prevalence and circulating ways of infectious agents, antimicrobial pattern, and source and power ability (virulent factors) of prevalent infections in each center separately is very important and mostly recommended. The most detected ways for infectious circulating in centers are staff hands, unprotected trucking, ignoring infectious control programs & its performing and neglecting antibiotic stewardships.