THE ROLE OF PROTEIN SOURCE IN MATERNAL DIET IN DEVELOPING OF FOOD INTAKE REGULATORY SYSTEM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OFFSPRING OF WISTAR RATS

Background and Aim: To examine the effect of source of protein fed during pregnancy and lactation on development of food intake regulatory system and risk of characteristics of metabolic syndrome in offspring. Methods: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and obesity has been increasing. Pre-natal environment has been suggested as a factor influencing the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Both observational and experimental studies showed that maternal diet is a major modifier of the development of regulatory systems in the offspring in utero and post-natally. Both protein content and source in maternal diet influence pre- and early post-natal development. High and low protein dams diets have detrimental effect on body weight, blood pressure191 and metabolic and intake regulatory systems in the offspring. Moreover, the role of the source of protein in a nutritionally adequate maternal diet in programming of food intake regulatory system, body weight, glucose metabolism and blood pressure in offspring is studied. However, underlying mechanisms are still elusive. We previously reported that casein and soy protein fed during pregnancy influenced the food intake, body weight and risk of development of characteristics of MS differently. Offspring born to dams fed soy protein diet had higher body weight, impaired glucose metabolism and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with those born to dams fed casein diet. This effect was more robust when the diet extended during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, female offspring showed more resistant against maternal diet effect compared with male offspring. Thereafter, we examined the role of characteristics of proteins in maternal and weaning diets on risk of metabolic syndrome in male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated to two groups (n = 12) and were fed the AIN-93G diets based on either intact protein-based diet (IPD) or mixed amino acid-based diet (AAD) from day 3 of gestation throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to either an IPD or AAD diet for 18 weeks. In dams, AAD group had lower body weight in post-partum period and higher pulse rate compared with IPD group. In pups born to AAD dams, birth weight and body weight were significantly lower which was consistent with lower food intake and higher plasma concentration of PYY observed in this group. Systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were also significantly higher in AAD group compared with those born to IPD dams. Fat/weight ratio, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not influenced by either maternal or weaning diet.Conclusion: These results indicate that the source of protein even in a nutritionally adequate maternal diet determines the phenotype of offspring. Physico-chemical structure of proteins fed to dams is important in altering food intake regulatory system and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in the offspring, while weaning diets do not seem to play a major role. IPD had more favorable effect than AAD. These results may also indicate that dietary recommendations during development must be updated based on physiological properties of dietary proteins that are beyond their nutritional role.

کلیدواژه ها:

maternal diet ، protein ، metabolic Syndrome ، food intake regulation ،