Pharmacogenomics and Treatment of common diseases

Pharmacogenomics has been widely recognized as fundamental steps toward personalized medicine. The clinical utility and applications of pharmacogenomics is at present particularly evident in some therapeutic areas. For example, anticancer drugs, psychotropic, and anticoagulants, instead of the old fall. The following are some of the gains that had been achieved, listed. Among the most common diseases in the world, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and diabetic nephropathy. ACE inhibitor treatment is clearly Reno protective. Furthermore, the ACE I/D polymorphism is a useful test to predict the progression of type 1 or type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Angiotensin -converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kinin-kallikrien pathways involved in blood pressure control. ACE inhibitors are used to treat cardiovascular and renal diseases, including hypertension. The high inter-individual variability in circulating ACE levels is explained, in large part, by the ACE I/D polymorphism. The D allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism is clearly associated with increased risk of diabetic nephropathy. By contrast, the associations of the ACE I/D polymorphism with hypertension and cardiovascular disease have been inconsistent. The ACE I/D polymorphism is a useful test to predict the renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker treatment in patients with kidney disease. There is currently no evidence to support a role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in predicting future risk of cardiovascular events or blood pressure response to ACE inhibitors in the absence of renal dysfunction.Among the selected pharmacogenes, two are nuclear hormone receptors, namely VDR and PXR. The role of nuclear receptors in renal diseases has been recently highlighted with an emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune response and inflammation.

کلیدواژه ها:

ACE inhibitors ، cardiovascular disease ، kidney disease ، diabetic nephropathy