Brian Stimulation and Treatment of Epilepsy

Neuromodulation, implantation of an electrode with pulse generator along the neural axis that sends an electric signal to the brain to disrupt epileptic networks. It continues to grow in application and technology. In some cases, the IPG not only sends impulses to the brain, but also senses impulses from the nervous system. Mechanisms of action for neuromodulation therapies are not yet completely known. There are 3 neuromodulation therapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating patients with drug resistant, refractory epilepsy: responsive neuro- stimulation (RNS), vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The chief advantage of neuromodulation is that is does not involve removing or lesioning brain tissue and the physician can titrate electric therapy similar to managing medication dosage.