Urbanization and coastal areas

Coastal areas and their natural resources are compromised by increasingly serious conflicts among their users and by institutional and political problems that may lead to a progressive sometimes irreversible decay. In coastal areas, then, the environmental problem seems to consist mainly in the absence of a holistic and integrated approach. All countries with a coastline have an interest in the sustainable management of the coastal resource systems. Sensitive coastal resource - beaches, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and waterways, etc.- significantly are effected by, coastal tourism (developments and activities conducted upon land immediately adjacent to the shoreline, coastal wetlands,estuaries and tidal waters, and associated marine waters) . Massive hotel development, attractions to accommodate the expected increase in tourism, and associated domestic growth will also migrate to the shoreline to support the industry. Where there is greater human pressure and development, coastal zone management may be mainly concerned with managing for multiple uses, limiting the impacts of development, ensuring sustainability, and maintaining key processes such as sediment transport. In the other hand, the most coastal water-quality problems result from human activities associated with populations concentrated along the coasts and from land-use practices throughout coastal watersheds and it is need for improved understanding of the impact of human activities and better strategies for preventing and mitigating problems in the coastal environment.For the Russian Federation, with an enormous sea-shore line to cope with, it is a new experience to develop a concept and a legal regulation specifically tackling coastal area management. Along many parts of the Russia’s coastline, tourism has developed in a haphazard and unplanned fashion and causes major environmental and social problems. Russian tourist activities significantly differ mainly in terms of infrastructure development and objectives. The environmental problems will require medium- and long-term strategies and many years of infrastructure development and implementation of programs to reverse and restore the years of misuse .This paper introduces the institutions, rules and regulations which have been established in Russia for reducing effects of urbanization in coastal zones.

کلیدواژه ها:

coastal areas ، management ، ، urbanization