Instability due to trapped electrons in magnetized multi-ion dusty plasmas

An attempt has been made to find out the effectsof trapped electrons in dust-ion-acoustic solitarywaves in magnetized multi-ion plasmas, as in most spaceplasmas, the hot electrons follow the trapped/vortex-likedistribution. To do so, we have derived modifiedZakharov–Kuznetsov equation using reductive perturbationmethod and its solution. A small-k perturbation techniquewas employed to find out the instability criterion andgrowth rate of such a wave.