Cellulose is the basic component of all plants and the most abundant biopolymer in the world. It can also be generated from other sources such as microorganisms, and this type of cellulose is called Microbial cellulose (MC)[1]. MC is a linear glucose polymer with hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of neighboring parallel chains and is organized in fibers in close association with lignin and hemicellulose [2]. MC can be extracellularly synthesized into nanoscale fibrils from some strains of bacterial genera such as Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Gluconacetobacter, Rhizobium, and Sarcina. The unique structure of MC confers upon it physical and chemical advantages such as a high water holding capacity (more than 700 times its dry weight), crystallinity, mechanical stability, and hydrophilicity [1, 3]. In comparison to plant cellulose (PC), microbialmaterial is of a higher purity and has better mechanical properties. In light of these attractive characteristics, MC is considered to be one of the most promising biomaterials in the field of industrial and applied materials science. Based on a review of the literature, it is found that the MC has already been used in many fields, such as those of medicine, food processing, textiles, and paper [1, 4]. Cellulose can be generated from four sources: from plants, enzymes, chemicals, and microorganisms. MC is generated by many microorganisms, such as algae (Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, and Chrysophyta), fungi (Saprolegnia), and bacteiara (Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Achromobacter, Aerobacter, Sarcina, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Alcaligenes) in varying amounts (low or high). Among the bacterial sources, the mosteffective producers of cellulose are reported to be A. xylinum, A. hansenii, and A. pasteurianus [5]. Generally, to produce MC fibrils, the Acetobacter xylinum is cultured in Hestrin–Schramm medium (Fig. 1). This medium includes (%, w/v); glucose, peptone, yeast extract, disodium phosphate, and citric acid. To remove any impurities, the harvested cellulose fibrils are boiled in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 4% NaOH solutions. Then, to neutralize the pH, the MC is rinsed in distillated water [2]. Due to theexpensive material needed for the production of MC, some authors have proposed that this could be replaced with waste material such as agricultural residues. For example, Moosavi-Nasab et al. have reported the production of bacterial cellulose using Gluconacetobacter xylinus and low quality date syrup [3]. The MC has a wide variety of pplications in various areas and industrial fields, including the medical, biomedical devices, cosmetics, environmental, food processing, textile and paper, acoustics, electronics, pharmaceutical, waste treatment, broadcasting, mining, and refinery sectors [1, 4].