The effect of maternal hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common problem during pregnancy. Sometimes, it is asymptomatic, sometimes its symptoms are fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation and weight gain that are the same with normal signs of pregnancy. Also, normal thyroid hormone changes in pregnancy can be confused with hypothyroidism. Women with hypothyroidism are at increased risk of pregnancy complications. The adverse effects of clinical hypothyroidism are greater than subclinical type. So, this review study was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes.Methods: This review study was conducted with information about the subject in resources and scientific sites.Result: The results of various studies indicate that the effect of hypothyroidism in pregnancy depends on illness severity. Maternal complications of hypothyroidism in pregnancy include increased rates of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, diabetes, placental abruption, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, anemia, impaired heart function, cesarean section and postpartum hemorrhage. Fetal and neonatal complications of hypothyroidism in pregnancy include increased rates of fetal distress, prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth, neonatal death and neurological disorders in fetus. Also, in cases that the woman is suffering from hypothyroidism before pregnancy, spontaneous abortion increases in the first trimester.Conclusion: Due to the fact that hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with adverse complications in mother and fetus, diagnosis and treatment is essential in early pregnancy. To achieve optimal results it is recommended that diagnosis and treatment start before pregnancy.

کلیدواژه ها:

Complication ، Pregnancy outcomes ، Hypothyroidism