Personal tumor neoantigens and cancer immunotherapy

سال انتشار: 1396
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 478

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

IPMCMED02_102

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 29 فروردین 1397

چکیده مقاله:

Recently, immunotherapy and developing of cancer-specific vaccines have opened-up new windows for cancer treatment and helped to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppressions. But science the molecular profile of cancerous tissues has been proven to be varied from one individual to the other, demands for personalized immunotherapy of cancer has been risen; although this encounter fundamental challenges which have been lead to clinical failures in many. Personalized cancer vaccines based on individualized neoantigens (which are mutated proteins, specifically produced in tumor cells) are hoped to highly stimulate the specific anti-tumor responses. Fortunately, nowadays with the advent of high-throughput technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, array-based techniques and …, identification of mutated genes and subsequent synthesizing of neoantigens are made feasible. The events which facilitate the design and implementation of individualized neoantigens-based cancer vaccines.Methodological overview of this procedure can be as follows: DNA and/or RNA of both tumor and normal tissues are extracted, mutated genes are identified and their specific mutated peptides are synthesized. Finally, neoantigens with powerful complementary immunoadjuvant (like checkpoint-blockade inhibitors) are administered to the patients for boosting the potency of their immune system especially their T cells. Hence, immune system can identify mutated antigens, and destroy tumor cells.In spite of the encouraging results of new trials, like any other newly emerging technologies, personalized cancer vaccines has a lot of challenges ahead. Many efforts must be made to reduce the time for developing an individualized formulation of neoantigens-based cancer vaccines and to find a way for obtaining conclusive results.

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نویسندگان

Neda Mohammadi

Department of Medical Biotechnology; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Neda Saraygord Afshari

Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran