Personalized medicine in treatment of prostate cancer

Advancements in tumor profiling technologies like next Generation Sequencing have improved our understanding of prostate cancer(PCa) biology, guiding precision medicine in the near future. Personalized medicine is a considerable approach for matching patients with the best treatments regarding to their drawbacks. PCa, the second leading cause of cancer related death in men, has heterogeneity in onset, progression and drug responses. However, the only available biomarker for its early diagnosis is PSA (prostate Specific Antigen) test. This serum based biomarker has low specificity, which has led to over-screening, over-biopsy and even over-treatment in men with average or low cancer risk. To overcome these obstacles, many studies are looking for new biomarkers for precised diagnosis and prognosis. In this field, some specific biomarkers have been introduced, including: LncRNAs(Long Non-Coding RNAs); such as PCAT-14 and PCA-3, and also cell free miRNAs;etc. Furthermore, genetic analysis are also considerable and some variations, such as ERG-TMPRSS2 gene fusion, mutation of Spop, FoxA1;etc are being reported as specific genetic markers for PCa. For evaluating these mutations individually, two operative techniques should be done continuously; isolating single circulating tumor cells(CTCs) from bloodstream and whole-exome sequencing on CTCs genetic material. Following these procedures, we would be able to analyse mutations, and guide therapy choices, trace the genomic evolution and even monitor drug resistances.Personalized medicine has opened new horizon for proper diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we could step beyond the implementing just a serum-based test and pay more attention to genetic variations of individuals.

کلیدواژه ها:

Personalized medicine ، Prostate cancer ، Biomarker ، Sequencing