Melanoma and microRNAs; remarkable relationship

سال انتشار: 1396
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 421

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

IPMCMED02_039

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 29 فروردین 1397

چکیده مقاله:

Recently, skin cancers are becoming as common cancers amongst white societies. Melanoma is one of the prevalent and aggressive types of skin cancer which occurs in specific cell types called melanocytes, producing melanin pigment that is responsible for color skin. Mentioned pigments are condensed in an organelle called melanosome responsible for ultra-violet protection (UV) of skin cells. Since youth are more in danger and treatment methods are not accessible it became a serious subject in novel researches. MicroRNAs have documented as a pioneer biomolecule in cancer therapy, specifically in melanoma. Several molecular modifications in abnormal cells are accomplished by micro-RNAs. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (18-22 nucleotides) regulating gene expression by binding to 3’UTR of target mRNA and inhibit translation or degrade it. As a result of this progression in molecular studies, small non-coding RNAs are investigated in foresaid topics. Regulating function of micro-RNAs in melanoma have reported in many studies. As an example, miR-221 and miR-222 could target various molecules such as tyrosin protein kinase kit (c-KIT) which modulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), an important mutated factor in melanoma. This targeting process is carried out by up-regulation of miR-221 and miR-222. Another over-expressed micro-RNA, miR-34a/c, attached to ULBP2 and facilitated evading process from natural killer cells (NKCs). However, there are some over-expressed micro-RNAs in melanoma; multiple down-regulated miRNAs have distinguished, too. MiR-let7-b, an essential micro-RNA, is reduced in melanoma. Therefore, protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinases D1 (CDK), basigin (BSG) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is increased responsible for progression and metastasis in melanoma. Discussion: While melanoma is known for recent years, there are no accurate treatments for this prevalent cancer, yet. Application of micro-RNAs in various studies have documented in recent decade. Moreover, scientists have slightly declared these non-coding biomolecules’ function in cancers including melanoma. As a result of this, there are multiple researches around their precise role in prognosis, diagnosis and therapeutic processes. In addition, different investigations have reported aberrant expression of responsible and chief proteins due to up/down-regulation of micro-RNAs. Our endeavor in this review is to mention tasks of miRNAs in various, remarkable basis researches of melanoma.

نویسندگان

Negin Afrang

Endocrine Research Center/ Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran/Iran

Maryam Honardoost

Endocrine Research Center/ Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran/Iran