AKT2, miRNA and Tumorogenesis

AKT (AK mouse plus Transforming or Thymoma) is a frequent oncogene expressed in most tissues which is fundamental protein mediating signals from receptor tyrosine kinases family to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Hyper activation of AKT signaling is a central key in many human cancer progression, through modulating angiogenesis, tumor growth, and cell migration, invasion, metastasis and chemo resistance. The rising data is linking deregulated AKT signaling with sporadic and inherited cancer human cancers. Numerous of studies have given a prognostic and/or predictive role for AKT2. Earlier studies provided evidences that AKT2 is required for hypoxia-stimulated angiogenesis and protects tumor cells from hypoxia condition. Tumor induction and growth depends on the regulatory networks of AKT2 signalling pathway. MicroRNAs, short non-coding RNAs, have captured the spotlight in molecular biology with highlights like their involvement in DNA translational control, their impression on mRNA and protein expression levels, and their ability to reprogram molecular signalling pathways . MiRNAs, like other genes, undergo altered expression in cancer and depending on their function and targets classified as oncomiRs and tumor suppressor-miRs. There are a lot of examples of oncomiRs and tumor suppressor-miRs which their numbers are raising .Growing evidence represents a potential role of miRNAs participates in cancer carcinogenesis by activating or suppressing AKT2 expression (Table 1).The miRNA mimic and miRNA silencing molecules has allowed to modulate miRNA expression in tumors, showing that miRNAs can be effectively used as therapeutic agents. Furthermore , realizing miRNA/Akt2 pivotal roles in drug resistance, they emerged as diagnostic targets orchestrating drug response in individualized therapy examples. Conclusion Collectively, given the widespread interest in the AKT kinases, it is reasonable to expect that there will continue to be many important mechanistic and medical insights regarding the AKT pathway, which could lead to novel therapeutic strategies of potential benefit to many cancer patients.

کلیدواژه ها:

miRNA ، AKT2 ، Tumorogenesis ، Cancer